• The Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) is announced, introducing elections while trying to split the nationalist movement along communal lines by introducing separate Muslim electorates.

• ​Ananda Coomaraswamy publishes Essays in Nationalist Idealism. The Amateur Dramatic Association is started in Bangalore, associated with playwright T. P. Kailasam and stage actor-director Ballari Raghava, bringing modernism to Kannada theatre.

• Performance in Bengal of Dwijendralal Roy’s historical, Shah Jehan.

• Together with Rana Pratapsingha (1904), Durgadas (1906), Noor Jehan (1907) and Mewar Patan (1908), Shah Jehan anchors the stage historical in communal and nationalist politics.